Wadi Degla Protectorate
A stone’s throw away from Cairo’s Maadi suburb, Wadi Degla is an easily accessible excursion from Cairo. The 50-meter-deep canyon cuts through 60-million-year-old limestone layers that reveal rare fossils and petrified wood. The rugged, rocky walls of the canyon are perfect for climbing and picnicking, and they offer shade during the hot hours of the day. Although shy from visitors, Wadi Degla is home to many animals, including mountain deer, red foxes, mountain rabbits, bats, and dozens of species of plants. Wilderness walks, biking, camping, and cook-outs are all popular activities in Wadi Degla, especially on the weekends.
The Petrified Forest Protectorate (Gabal al-Khashab)
Imagine a flood so massive that it washed trees from the hills of the Red Sea all the way to the edge of modern-day Cairo. 35 million years ago, a climate change triggered waves that washed over parts of Egypt. Resting in this spot for millions of years, the trunks have turned to stone and have since been part of the desert landscape. Although they feel like rocks, the organic rings and the bark of the trees can still be seen. Categorized as a National Heritage Site because of its historic and scientific value, this is one of a handful of petrified forest sites in the world.
Al Hassana Dome (Kobat al Hassana)
One of the smallest protected areas in Egypt, but one of the most significant geologically, is the one sq km Al Hassana Dome. Well-preserved fossils dating back to the Crustaceous Period (100 million years ago) and rocks from approximately 60 million years ago are part of the reason for this protectorate’s formation. Much like a natural museum, this site offers a chance to view the entire geological and climatological history of Egypt, unlike any other site.
